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碳素材料与硷金属形成层状化合物所引起的一个严重后果,是使工业铝电解槽的碳素耐火材料发生膨胀并破坏。根据苏联技术文献中以前所提出的方法,我们发展出一种研究碳素耐火材料及其原料对硷性物质抵抗性的实验方法。对苏联别略耶夫(А.И.Веляев)提出的小型电解槽做了改进,用来试验美国所用的一些碳素材料,以预测其作为铝电解槽内衬的适用性。研究结果基本上与以前所发表的结果一致。碳素材料的破坏程度随着它的结晶结构的规则性的增长而减低,也就是说,碳素材料越接近石墨,其破坏程度就越小。
A serious consequence of the formation of layered compounds of carbonaceous materials and alkaline metals is the expansion and destruction of carbon refractory materials in industrial aluminum cells. According to the methods previously proposed in the Soviet technical literature, we developed an experimental method for studying the resistance of alkaline refractory materials and their raw materials to alkaline substances. The small electrolyzer proposed by the Soviet Union Belloiev (А.И. Веляев) was modified to test some of the carbon materials used in the United States to predict its suitability as an aluminum cell liner. The results are basically in line with previously published results. The degree of destruction of the carbon material decreases with the regularity of its crystalline structure, that is, the closer the carbon material is to the graphite, the less damage it will be.