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本文主要从空间结构的角度,探讨了清代北京城市经济发展变化的状况。首先讨论了城内的主要商业中心,大致围绕皇城均匀分布,内城的商业中心主要服务于周围居民,以综合性的零售业为主;外城的商业中心不仅服务于城区居民,还为郊区农民和更远的商业腹地提供商品,长途贩运贸易和中转批发贸易所占比例较大。其次讨论了主要行业的空间分布,城郊所产农副产品市场多靠近产品产地,城内手工业的分布主要由行业自身的产销方式决定,其他行业在选址时多靠近消费市场。最后,利用《清末北京外城商户调查表》分析了清末广安门地区工商业店铺的分布特点,将对城市经济空间结构的讨论深入到店铺层面。
This article mainly discusses the situation of the urban economic development in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of spatial structure. First of all, the city’s main business centers are discussed, which are roughly distributed around the imperial city. The commercial center of the inner city mainly serves the surrounding residents and is mainly integrated with the retail industry. The commercial center of the outer city serves not only the urban residents but also the suburbs Farmers and farther commercial hinterland to provide goods, long distance trafficking trade and transit wholesale trade accounted for a larger proportion. Second, we discussed the spatial distribution of major industries. The market of agricultural and sideline products produced in suburbs was mostly close to the origin of products. The distribution of handicrafts in the city was mainly determined by the industry’s own methods of production and marketing. Other industries were mostly located near the consumer market when selecting sites. Finally, using the “Survey of Beijing’s Outbound Merchants at the End of Qing Dynasty” to analyze the distribution of business shops in the Guanganmen area at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the discussion on the spatial structure of the urban economy goes deep into the storefront.