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党的十五届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于国有企业改革和发展若干重大问题的决定》指出:要从战略上调整经济布局。这是国有企业改革和发展的关键问题。那么,目前我国国有企业的经济布局还存在着哪些问题?该怎样来进行调整呢?首先,国有企业经营性总资产不足3万亿元。在大到航空航天,小至五金修理店等近30万国有企业中,企业平均资产不足1000万元。如此众多的国有企业有相当大一部分管理手段落后,技术装备陈旧,运行机制僵化,难以形成大规模生产和产品的市场覆盖率,这是我国国有企业资产结构不合理的突出表现。此外,在产业领域布局上存在矛盾,区域性产业结构趋同化严重,重复投资,重复建设,浪费惊人,效益低下。如我国2600多家汽车企业的总资产规模不足国外前16家汽车企业的平
The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Major Issues Concerning the Reform and Development of State-owned Enterprises” passed by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee points out that it is necessary to strategically adjust the economic layout. This is a key issue for the reform and development of state-owned enterprises. Then, what problems still exist in the economic layout of China’s state-owned enterprises and how to make adjustments? First, the total operating assets of state-owned enterprises are less than 3 trillion yuan. In nearly 300,000 state-owned enterprises, which are as large as aerospace and small-scale hardware repair shops, the average assets of enterprises are less than 10 million yuan. Such a large number of state-owned enterprises have a considerable part of their management tools lagging behind, outdated technical equipment, and rigid operating mechanisms, which make it difficult to form large-scale production and product market coverage. This is an outstanding performance of the irrational asset structure of state-owned enterprises in China. In addition, there are contradictions in the layout of the industrial sector. The regional industrial structure tends to be assimilated. Repeated investment and repeated construction are staggering and wasteful. For example, the total assets of more than 2,600 auto companies in China are less than the level of the top 16 foreign auto companies.