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以杂交籼稻Ⅱ优498为材料,在温江和汉源两种生态条件下,研究了不同氮肥运筹方式对宽窄行、三角形、扩行减株稀植和抛秧4种栽培方式水稻结实期群体光合生产的影响。结果表明,随穗肥施用比例的增加,结实期冠层透光特性得到改善,抽穗期茎鞘干重、高效叶面积率和有效叶面积率等群体质量指标得到提高,抽穗后叶面积指数(LAI)和呼吸占群体光合的相对比例(CR/TCAP)有所降低,而群体光合速率(CAP)在两地的变化趋势并不一致,温光条件较差的温江点表现为先升后降,而温光条件较好的汉源点则呈下降趋势。当氮肥运筹为6:3:1时,宽窄行和三角形栽培有利于改善冠层透光特性和群体质量,CAP升高的同时结实中后期CR/TCAP增幅减小,群体光合生产能力得到提高;当氮肥运筹比例为5:2:3时,扩行减株稀植栽培透光性能和群体质量的增幅最大,CAP升高的同时CR/TCAP并未增加甚至有所减少,群体光合生产能力高于其他栽培方式;当氮肥运筹比例为4:1:5时,抛秧栽培在温江点有利于改善群体质量和增加光能截获,结实中后期CAP显著提高的同时CR/TCAP降低,群体光合生产优势明显,但温光条件改善后此优势并无体现。因此,提高水稻群体光合生产能力需结合当地温光条件并针对栽培方式采用适宜的氮肥管理措施。
Under the two ecological conditions of Wenjiang and Hanyuan, the hybrid rice Ⅱ You 498 was used to study the effects of different nitrogen application modes on the photosynthesis of four groups of rice cultivars with wide and narrow rows, triangles, expansion and subtraction plantlets, and seedling throwing. The impact of production. The results showed that with the increase of the proportion of panicle application, the light transmittance of the canopy was improved in the canopy, the dry weight of the stem, the effective leaf area ratio and the effective leaf area ratio at heading stage were improved. The leaf area index LAI and CR / TCAP decreased, but the trend of population photosynthetic rate (CAP) in both areas was not consistent. The temperature and light of the Wenjiang River area showed the first increase and then the decrease, However, the conditions of warm light and good Hanyuan point showed a downward trend. When nitrogen fertilizer operation was 6: 3: 1, wide and narrow row and triangle cultivation could improve the light transmissibility and quality of canopy. The increase of CAP and increase of CR / TCAP in middle and late stage decreased, and photosynthetic productivity of population increased. When the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer operation was 5: 2: 3, the transmissivity and population quality of expansion and thinning planting were the largest, while the increase of CAP and CR / TCAP did not increase or even decrease at the same time. The photosynthetic capacity In other cultivation methods, when the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer was 4: 1: 5, throwing transplanting at Wenjiang Point was conducive to improving population quality and increasing light energy interception, while significantly increasing CAP and low CR / TCAP in middle and late stage of seed setting. Obvious advantages, but the temperature and light conditions improved after this advantage is not reflected. Therefore, to improve the photosynthetic capacity of rice population, the local temperature and light conditions should be used and suitable nitrogen management measures should be adopted for the cultivation methods.