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桂竹(Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc.)又名刚竹、斑竹、五月季竹、大叶金竹等,原产我国中部和东南部,南起广西、云南,北达秦岭山地和黄河中、下游地区均有分布。桂竹栽培历史悠久,经济价值较大,是我国三大经济竹种(毛竹、桂竹、淡竹)之一。由于桂竹秆粗大,材质好,用途广,适应性强等特点,日本、美国、苏联、英国、朝鲜等国的部分地区,先后从中国引入栽培,一般都有上百年的历史,日本已有上千年的历史。虽然桂竹栽培的历史不同,地域各异,但在本世纪六十年代世界各国的桂竹发生了一次普遍性的开花现象。开花后桂竹逐渐枯死,产区遭受巨大的经济损失,成为桂竹生产的一次灾害性事故,引起了国内外林业和植物学工作者的关注。1970年以来,我们对国内桂竹开花作了5省43县的调查,结合国外桂竹开花的情况,整理研究报道如下。
Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. Et Zucc., Also known as just bamboo, Bamboo, May Ji bamboo, golden leaf bamboo, native to central and southeast China, south, Guangxi, Yunnan, north Qinling Mountains and the Yellow River middle and lower reaches All have distribution. Gui Zhu cultivation has a long history, greater economic value, is China’s three major economic species of bamboo (bamboo, Guizhu, light bamboo) one. Due to its coarse, good material, wide use and adaptability, Japan, the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, North Korea and other parts of the country have introduced cultivation from China, generally have a history of hundreds of years, Japan has been on Millennium history. Although the history of the cultivation of osmanthus is different and varies from place to place, in the 1960s, there was a widespread flowering of osmanthus in the world. After the flowering Guizhu gradually died, producing areas suffered huge economic losses, as Guizhu production of a catastrophic accident, caused the concern of forestry and botany workers at home and abroad. Since 1970, we conducted a survey on the flowering of domestic osmanthus bamboo in 43 counties in 5 provinces. Combining with the flowering of osmanthus, the research reports are as follows.