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观察测量成人跟骨500例,平均长度为7.495±0.65(5.6～9.15)厘米,其中7.10～8.30厘米者占69.2±2.06%。左右跟骨长度之间无显著性差异。跟骨结节是足部承担重力的主要点之一。跟结节内侧突和外侧突之间,88.80%均被 V 形,I 形阳 L 形沟分开。内侧突宽度为外侧突宽度的1.5～3倍者占90.72±1.30%。内侧突的特大宽度,表明人类站立和行走时,跟结节主要承担重力的部份是内侧突。跟骨的肌腱沟比较明显的是跨过载距突的(足母)长屈肌腱和趾长屈肌腱沟。腓骨短肌腱沟的增深,与副腓骨肌滑车的出现密切相关。本文按前、中、后距关节面的存在和融合情况,将跟骨的距关节面分为六型,其中Ⅰ型占53.20±2.23%,而教科书描述的三个独立关节面的“类型”典型即Ⅱ型占40.60±2.20%。第Ⅴ型仅见于中国人。第Ⅵ型则未见到报道。
500 cases of calcaneus were observed and measured with an average length of 7.495 ± 0.65 (5.6 ~ 9.15) cm, of which 7.10 ~ 8.30 cm accounted for 69.2 ± 2.06%. There was no significant difference between the calcaneal length. Calcaneal nodules are one of the main points of gravity in the foot. With the nodules medial and lateral synapses, 88.80% were V-shaped, I-shaped positive L-shaped groove separated. The width of medial protrusion was 1.5 ~ 3 times the width of lateral protrusion accounted for 90.72 ± 1.30%. The large width of the medial process indicates that the part of the nodule that is primarily responsible for gravity is the medial process when standing and walking. The calcaneal tendon groove is more obvious than the sudden jump (foot) long flexor tendon and long flexor tendon groove. Peroneal short tendon groove deepening, and the occurrence of the secondary peroneal muscle block are closely related. According to the presence and fusion of the anterior, middle and posterior articular surfaces, the articular surface of the calcaneus is divided into six types, of which type Ⅰ is 53.20 ± 2.23%, whereas the “type” of the three independent articular surfaces described by the textbook The typical type Ⅱ accounted for 40.60 ± 2.20%. Type Ⅴ only found in Chinese. Type Ⅵ did not see the report.