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目的了解汕头市某化工企业液氨车间的职业卫生现状,优化完善其事故通风系统,使其符合国家相关法规、规范的要求。方法运用职业卫生现场调查方法,对液氨车间建筑卫生学、设备布局、生产工艺和通风系统等进行调查与分析。通过查阅相关标准与文献,确定从加大排风量和改善气流组织形式两方面入手,优化完善其事故通风系统。结果优化完善后液氨车间采用的可调速式防爆轴流风机在最高转速时排风量可达到3 000 m~3/h,车间换气次数大于12次/h。通过采用调整排风口位置与增设1个进风口的措施,使液氨车间气流组织更加合理。结论该企业工作场所在原有通风系统的基础上,采用既简单又经济的措施完善了事故通风系统,满足事故通风要求;达到预期的效果。存在可能突然放散大量有毒气体、有爆炸危险气体或粉尘场所的企业,应按国家相关法规、规范设置事故通风系统,并做好维护保养,确保在事故发生时事故通风系统能有效运行。
Objective To understand the occupational health status of liquid ammonia plant in a chemical enterprise in Shantou and optimize its accident ventilation system so that it meets the requirements of the relevant state laws and regulations. Methods The method of occupational health field survey was used to investigate and analyze the building hygiene, equipment layout, production process and ventilation system of liquid ammonia workshop. By referring to the relevant standards and documents, it is determined that the accident ventilation system should be optimized and optimized from the aspects of increasing the exhaust volume and improving the air flow organization. Results After the optimization and optimization, the exhaust speed of the adjustable speed type explosion-proof axial-flow fan used in the liquefied ammonia workshop can reach 3 000 m 3 / h at maximum speed and the number of ventilation in the workshop is more than 12 times / h. Through the use of adjusting the position of the air outlet and adding an air inlet, the airflow organization in the liquid ammonia workshop is more reasonable. Conclusion Based on the original ventilation system, the workplace of the enterprise consummates the accident ventilation system with simple and economical measures to meet the requirements of accident ventilation and achieve the expected results. Enterprises that may release large quantities of toxic gases suddenly and have dangerous explosive gases or dust spots should set up an accident ventilation system in accordance with relevant laws and regulations of the state and make proper maintenance to ensure that the accident ventilation system can effectively operate in the event of an accident.