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目的分析2014—2015年茂名市某农场小学校水痘爆发疫情发生的原因及传染来源,为防治水痘提供科学依据。方法采用现场访问、现场搜索等流行病学方法对现有资料进行分析。结果本次爆发疫情发生始于2014年12月22日,首发病例的传染来源不明,最后1例的发病时间为2015年1月9日,暴露人口379人,发病17例,罹患率为4.49%,无危重病例和死亡病例。发病年龄分布在9~10岁年龄组。不同班级之间的罹患率差异有统计学意义。结论这是1起水痘爆发疫情,传播途径为空气飞沫传播。争取学校配合,早发现、早报告、早隔离和接种水痘疫苗是控制水痘疫情最为关键的措施。
Objective To analyze the causes and sources of the outbreak of chickenpox in a farmer school in Maoming from 2014 to 2015 so as to provide a scientific basis for the control of chickenpox. Methods Epidemiological methods such as field visit, on-the-spot search were used to analyze the existing data. Results The outbreak of this outbreak began on December 22, 2014. The source of infection in the first case was unknown. The onset time of the last case was January 9, 2015, with a population of 379 and a disease of 17 with an attack rate of 4.49% , No critical cases and deaths. The incidence of age distribution in the 9 to 10 age group. There were significant differences in attack rates among different classes. Conclusion This is a case of an outbreak of chickenpox which is spread by air droplets. Striving for school cooperation, early detection and early reporting, early isolation and vaccination of chickenpox vaccines are the most crucial measures for controlling the epidemic of chickenpox.