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原发性上尿路肿瘤的诊断和治疗常有困难。其处理上的一个难题是哪些病人宜行保守性手术为好。上泌尿道肿瘤术前临床分期往往与手术后不一致,其治疗方针主要依据各种手术方法回顾性分析以及肾输尿管切除标本病理比较而制定。 1902年Albarran在膀胱镜检查时发现肿瘤从输尿管口突出,首次应用内窥镜诊断上尿路肿瘤。尽管膀胱肿瘤的治疗近年来进展很大,而对上尿路肿瘤的
Diagnosis and treatment of primary upper urinary tract tumors often have difficulties. Its treatment is a problem which patients should be conservative surgery as well. The preoperative clinical staging of upper urinary tract tumors is often inconsistent with that after surgery. The treatment guidelines are mainly based on a retrospective analysis of various surgical methods and pathological comparison of renal ureteral resection specimens. 1902 Albarran cystoscopy found that the tumor protruding from the ureter mouth, the first application of endoscopic diagnosis of upper urinary tract tumors. Although the treatment of bladder cancer has made great progress in recent years, while the upper urinary tract tumors