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数十万美国非裔人口在两次世界大战期间(1913—1945)离开南方乡村,移居至北方工业城市,史称“大移民”(the Great Migration)。实际上,自19世纪80年代就陆续有黑人从南方前往北方,这种趋势到20世纪的第二个十年开始时发生井喷式增长。美国史学家艾伦·布林克利(Alan Brinkley)将大移民归纳为“排出”及“纳入”的结果。所谓排出是南方黑人所面临的负面因素,例如私刑与严苛的种族隔离。而纳入是北方在这一时期所呈现出的使黑人生活得到极大改善的
Hundreds of thousands of Afro-American populations left the southern villages during the two world wars (1913-1945) and migrated to the northern industrial cities, known as the Great Migration. In fact, blacks have headed north from the South since the 1880s and this trend has seen a spurt of growth at the beginning of the second decade of the 20th century. American historian Alan Brinkley summarized the large-scale immigration as the result of “discharge” and “inclusion.” The so-called discharge is a negative factor faced by southern blacks, such as lynching and harsh apartheid. Inclusion is the result of the great improvement in the lives of blacks that the North showed during this period