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一般说来,中国古代史的范围,指的是1840年鸦片战争以前的中国历史。它包括了原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会这三个依次更迭的社会阶段,包括了人与人的关系史和人与自然的斗争史。而其中的封建社会史,如果从西周算起(中国古史分期问题是一个至今聚讼未决的问题,众说纷纭,西周封建说只是其中之一种),至1840年鸦片战争止,绵延了近三千年,其间又经历了领主封建制和地主封建制两个发展阶段。这是中国古代史中极为辉煌的发展时期,无论在物质文明或精神文明方面,都曾创造过令世人瞩目的成就。为了共同学习和了解这一段历史,现就下述诸问题谈一点看法。一、关于中国地主封建制社会发展阶段的划分
In general, the scope of ancient Chinese history refers to the Chinese history before the Opium War of 1840. It includes the three stages of primitive society, slavery society and feudal society. It includes the history of the relationship between people and the history of struggle between man and nature. The feudal social history among them, if counting from the Western Zhou Dynasty (the issue of the staging of ancient Chinese history is an unresolved issue of litigation so far, there are different opinions, the feudalism of the Western Zhou Dynasty was only one of them), till the Opium War of 1840, Three thousand years, during which they experienced two stages of development: feudal lords and feudal lords. This is a very glorious period of development in the ancient Chinese history. Both material and spiritual civilizations have created remarkable achievements in the world. In order to learn and understand this period of history together, we now have some views on the following issues. First, on China's landowners constitutional social development stage of the division