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砚又称研,为研墨之工具,是极具中国特色的传统文房用具。砚的起源早,历史悠久,最早可追溯到新石器时代,其前身为新石器时代的研磨具,而迄今所知最古的成型石砚则出土于湖北云梦睡虎地秦墓。砚从秦汉时开始被普遍使用,至东汉魏晋时基本趋于定型。在漫长的演变过程中,砚由纯粹的实用书写工具被逐步艺术化,并成为凝聚文人情愫的文房雅玩,更是文人心中一种气节的象征。最近,上海博物馆推出了特展“惟砚作田——上海博物馆藏砚精粹展”。据了解,其中不少藏品还是首次公开
Yan also known as research tools for research ink, is very traditional Chinese room appliances. The origin of the inkstone is as early as the earliest and has a long history. The earliest dates back to the Neolithic Age. Its predecessor was the Neolithic Abrasive Tool, and the most ancient shaped stone inkstone known so far was unearthed in the Qin Tomb of the Yunhu Dream Tiger in Hubei Province. Yan began to be widely used from the Qin and Han dynasties, to the Eastern Han Wei and Jin Dynasties tend to stereotypes. During the long process of evolution, Yan was gradually art-made by a purely practical writing instrument and became an elegant room to unite literati. It was also a symbol of the integrity of the literati. Recently, the Shanghai Museum launched a special exhibition, “but Yan Yantian - Shanghai Museum Yan Yan essence exhibition.” It is understood that many of these collections are still open for the first time