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目的调查某稀有金属材料厂职业卫生通风防护设施状况和防护效果。方法通过现场调查了解该厂生产工艺流程、生产设备和主要职业病危害因素,了解卫生通风防护设施组成、数量和分布情况,并对通风防护设施和职业病危害因素进行检测与评价。结果主要职业病危害因素有镉及其化合物、碲及其化合物。车间全面通风采用活塞流气流组织类型,人均新风量为250~343 m~3/h,符合卫生要求;蒸馏区、镉粉区、合成区和破碎区全面通风换气次数分别为13.7、15.1、11.5、11.3次/h,除合成区和破碎区略低于12次/h的卫生要求,其他车间全面通风换气次数均符合卫生要求;局部通风排风罩罩口平均风速0.85~2.96 m/s,存在罩口风速不均现象;蒸馏区、合成区、镉粉区和破碎区镉及其化合物浓度合格率分别为100.0%、77.8%、83.3%和66.7%,各生产区碲及其化合物浓度符合卫生标准。结论该厂卫生通风设施起到一定防护作用,但仍需调整罩口风速和风量,加强通风设施的维护和保养。
Objective To investigate the status and protective effect of occupational hygienic protective facilities in a rare metal material factory. Methods To understand the production process, production equipment and main occupational hazards of the plant, understand the composition, quantity and distribution of sanitary ventilation protection facilities through on-site investigation, and test and evaluate ventilation protective facilities and occupational hazards. Results The main occupational hazards are cadmium and its compounds, tellurium and its compounds. The overall ventilation of the workshop adopts the type of tissue flow of piston flow, and the fresh air volume per capita is 250-343 m 3 / h, which meets the hygiene requirements. The total number of ventilation in the distillation zone, the cadmium powder zone, the synthesis zone and the crushing zone are respectively 13.7 and 15.1, 11.5,11.3 times / h, except for the hygienic requirements of synthetic area and crushing area of slightly less than 12 times / h, the other ventilation and ventilation times of other workshops all met the hygiene requirements; the average wind speed of local ventilation exhaust hood cover was 0.85-2.96 m / s, there is an uneven wind speed at the cover mouth. The passing rates of cadmium and its compounds in the distillation zone, the synthesis zone, the cadmium powder zone and the crushing zone are 100.0%, 77.8%, 83.3% and 66.7% respectively. The tellurium and its compounds Concentration in line with health standards. Conclusion The sanitary ventilation facilities of the plant play a protective role. However, the wind speed and air volume of the cover should be adjusted to enhance the maintenance and maintenance of ventilation facilities.