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药物过敏反应的机制早就知道蛋白质、糖蛋白和脂多糖是免疫反应的有效诱导剂。近年来发现其他大分子物如核酸,甚至分子较小的多肽能够自发性或通过免疫之后来诱导免疫应答,当然要将它们加入免疫佐剂中与蛋白质相结合并且多次应用才能促进反应的发生。影响大分子物质免疫原性的主要因素包括抗原异性程度、结构的复杂性、分子大小、多聚程度、总电荷、生物降解率或消涂速率,遗传因素也有重要影响,特别是当免疫原与宿主的内源性
Mechanisms of drug allergy have long known that proteins, glycoproteins and lipopolysaccharides are effective inducers of immune responses. In recent years, it has been found that other macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, even smaller molecules, can induce immune responses spontaneously or by immunization. Of course, they should be added to immune adjuvants in combination with protein and used multiple times to promote the reaction . The main factors affecting the immunogenicity of macromolecules include the degree of antigenic heterogeneity, structural complexity, molecular size, degree of polymerisation, total charge, biodegradation rate or coating rate, genetic factors also have a significant impact, especially when the immunogen and Host endogenous