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目的分析2011-2013年惠州市手足口病流行特征,探讨适宜防控措施。方法收集《国家疾病报告信息管理系统》相关的手足口病疫情监测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析流行特征;采用Real time RT-PCR方法对患者标本进行核酸检测。结果2011-2013年惠州市手足口病年发病率分别为333.35/10万、478.57/10万、519.58/10万,不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性病例多于女性,男女性别比为1.61∶1。人群主要集中在5岁以下儿童,占总病例数的90.52%;职业以散居儿童为主,占总病例数的84.72%。发病主高峰集中在4-7月,占总病例数的62.88%,次高峰集中在9-11月。各县区均有发病,以龙门县、惠阳区发病率较高,分别为588.19/10万、514.04/10万。惠州市2011-2013年手足口病重症病例以EV71型居多,阳性率为53.44%,其次是其他肠道病毒及Cox A16型,阳性率分别为23.14%、8.54%。结论惠州市2011-2013年手足口病疫情处于逐年上升趋势,已成为该地区严重的公共卫生问题,应采取综合性防治措施,切实预防和控制手足口病的流行和暴发流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Huizhou from 2011 to 2013 and to explore appropriate measures for prevention and control. Methods The surveillance data of hand, foot and mouth disease related to the National Disease Reporting Information Management System were collected, and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. The nucleic acid was detected by Real time RT-PCR. Results The annual incidence rates of hand-foot-mouth disease in Huizhou during 2011-2013 were 333.35 / 100000, 478.57 / 100000 and 519.58 / 100000, respectively. The incidence of HFMD in different years was significantly different (P <0.05). More males than females, male to female ratio was 1.61: 1. The population is mainly concentrated in children under 5 years of age, accounting for 90.52% of the total number of cases; occupational scattered children, accounting for 84.72% of the total number of cases. The main peak incidence in April-July, accounting for 62.88% of the total number of cases, sub-peak concentrated in September-November. The incidence of all counties and districts, with Longmen County, Huiyang District incidence was higher, respectively 588.19 / 100,000, 514.04 / 100,000. The majority of cases of HFMD in 2011-2013 in Huizhou City were EV71 type, the positive rate was 53.44%, followed by other enterovirus and Cox A16 type, the positive rates were 23.14% and 8.54% respectively. Conclusion The epidemic situation of HFMD in 2011-2013 in Huizhou City has been increasing year by year and has become a serious public health problem in the region. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to effectively prevent and control the prevalence and outbreak of HFMD.