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氮是不可缺少的生命要素之一,施用氮肥是粮食增产的最重要措施之一,氮对人类生存发展的重要性不言而喻。但人类过度的开发利用氮,则在循环过程中加剧了全球三大环境问题:温室效应、水体富营养化和酸雨。据2005年3月《自然》杂志《盛开的海洋》一文统计,2000年全球的氮肥使用量为80.9×10~6兆吨,预计2020年和2050年将分别达到129×10~6兆吨和187×10~6兆吨,发展中国家在其中占的比重将达到27%～59%。有些生物学家甚至把氮污染的危害和全球气候变暖的危害相提并论。
Nitrogen is one of the indispensable elements of life. Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the most important measures to increase grain output. The importance of nitrogen to human existence and development is self-evident. However, excessive exploitation and utilization of nitrogen by mankind aggravate three global environmental problems in the cycle: the greenhouse effect, eutrophication of water bodies and acid rain. According to the March 2005 “Nature” magazine, “The Open Sea”, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the world in 2000 was 80.9 × 10 ~ 6 megatons, and it is estimated that in 2020 and 2050, it will reach 129 × 10 ~ 6 megatons and 187 × 10 ~ 6 trillion tons, of which developing countries will account for 27% to 59%. Some biologists even compare the dangers of nitrogen pollution with the dangers of global warming.