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[目的]研究生防菌BS-315对苹果斑点落叶病菌(Alternaria mali)的抑菌活性、在苹果叶片上的定殖能力以及一些化学农药对生防菌的影响。[方法]采集松本锦苹果健叶,进行离体叶片试验、定殖试验,并进行不同农药对生防菌的影响试验。[结果]枯草芽孢杆菌BS-315对苹果斑点落叶病菌表现出较强的抑制作用,在叶片上涂抹菌体1d后接病原菌,3d后抑制效果在90%以上。BS-315能够在松本锦苹果叶片中定殖,定殖量在接种3d后最大。4种杀菌剂浓度均为田间使用浓度,其中嘧菌酯和多抗霉素对BS-315的生长有一定的促进作用,而多菌灵和丙环唑则完全抑制BS-315的生长。[结论]该研究可为生防制剂的研发和合理使用提供理论依据。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the antibacterial activity of antimicrobial BS-315 against Alternaria mali, its colonization ability on apple leaves and the effects of some chemical pesticides on biocontrol. [Method] The healthy leaves of M.capsule apple were collected, and in vitro leaf test and colonization test were conducted. The effects of different pesticides on biocontrol bacteria were also tested. [Result] Bacillus subtilis BS-315 showed a strong inhibitory effect on apple spot-leaf blight. The pathogen was coated on the leaf for 1 day and the inhibitory effect was over 90% after 3 days. BS-315 could colonize the leaves of Matsumoto Jin apple, and its colonization capacity was the largest after 3 days of inoculation. The concentrations of the four fungicides were all used in the field. Azoxystrobin and polyoxin could promote the growth of BS-315, while carbendazim and propiconazole completely inhibited the growth of BS-315. [Conclusion] This study can provide a theoretical basis for the development and rational use of biocontrol agents.