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目的:比较细菌和肺炎支原体感染的儿童坏死性肺炎（NP）临床特征及预后的差异。方法:回顾性分析大连医科大学附属大连市中心医院2012年1月至2019年6月69例NP患儿的临床资料。其中，细菌感染NP 27例（细菌感染组），肺炎支原体感染NP 42例（肺炎支原体组）。比较两组患儿的临床症状和体征、肺外并发症、实验室检查、影像学检查、治疗、转归及随访等。结果:两组肺部啰音率、呼吸音减低率和总发热时间比较差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05）；细菌感染组气促发生率明显高于肺炎支原体组[77.8%（21/27）比14.3%（6/42）]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05）。细菌感染组白细胞、C反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素（IL）-10明显高于肺炎支原体组，肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α和干扰素（IFN）-γ明显低于肺炎支原体组，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05）。细菌感染组出现坏死时间明显早于肺炎支原体组[（14.5 ± 4.2） d比（21.7 ± 6.4） d]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05），但是细菌感染组胸腔积液分隔的发生率明显高于肺炎支原体组[70.4%（19/27）比2.4%（1/42）]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05）；细菌感染组吸氧率和胸腔闭式引流率明显高于肺炎支原体组[88.9%（24/27）比35.7%（15/42）和25.9%（7/27）比11.9%（5/42）]，白细胞恢复正常时间和PCT恢复正常时间明显长于肺炎支原体组[（12.8 ± 4.1） d比（9.2 ± 2.0） d和（10.5 ± 2.5）d比（7.6 ± 1.9） d]，支气管肺泡灌洗率明显低于肺炎支原体组[25.9%（7/27）比76.2%（32/42）]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05); the incidence of shortness of breath in bacterial infection group was significantly higher than that in MP group: 77.8% (21/27) vs. 14.3% (6/42), and there was statistical difference (n P0.05). The white blood cell, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin (IL) -10 in bacterial infection group were significantly higher than those in MP group, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN) -γ in bacterial infection group were significantly lower than those in the MP group, and there were statistical differences (n P0.05). The time of necrosis in bacterial infection group was significantly earlier than that in MP group: (14.5 ± 4.2) d vs. (21.7 ± 6.4) d, and there was statistical difference (n P0.05), but the incidence of pleural effusion separation in bacterial infection group was significantly higher than that in MP group: 70.4% (19/27) vs. 2.4% (1/42), and there was statistical difference (n P0.05); the oxygen uptake rate and closed thoracic drainage rate in bacterial infection group were significantly higher than those in MP group: 88.9% (24/27) vs. 35.7% (15/42) and 25.9% (7/27) vs. 11.9% (5/42), the recovery times of WBC and PCT in bacterial infection group were significantly longer than that in MP group: (12.8 ± 4.1) d vs. (9.2 ± 2.0) d and (10.5 ± 2.5) d vs. (7.6 ± 1.9) d, the bronchoalveolar lavage rate was significantly higher than that in MP group: 25.9% (7/27) vs. 76.2% (32/42), and there were statistical differences (n P<0.01 or 0.05).n Conclusions:Compared with MP infection, the clinical process of bacterial infection NP is serious, the necrosis time appears earlier, and the course of disease is longer. However, most of the children with NP can obtain a good prognosis after active symptomatic and antiinfective treatment.