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地下水高砷暴露的健康危害是环境与健康领域面临的巨大挑战。水砷含量及暴露人群饮水量参数的季节性变化可能影响饮水砷暴露评估的准确性。本研究选择内蒙古饮水砷中毒病区为研究区,测定丰水期(2013年5月)和枯水期(2013年12月)居民饮用水和尿液各形态砷(三价无机砷iAs~(3+)、五价无机砷iAs~(5+)、一甲基砷MMA~(5+)和二甲基砷DMA~(5+)+)含量,研究砷暴露量和尿砷的季节变化。结果表明,丰水期水砷含量(134.4±25.8)μg·L~(-1)显著低于枯水期的(163.2±38.1)μg·L~(-1),且丰水期水中iAs~(3+)的含量(58.9±51.2)μg·L~(-1)也显著低于枯水期的(100.1±49.0)μg·L~(-1)。研究人群丰水期通过饮水的摄砷量为313.1μg·d~(-1),低于枯水期的378.6μg·d~(-1)。此外,丰水期居民尿液总砷含量(218.6μg·L~(-1))显著低于枯水期(283.1μg·L~(-1))。丰水期女性居民尿液iAs、MMA~(5+)和总砷含量随当季饮水iAs~(5+)含量的升高而显著降低,枯水期女性尿液MMA5+含量随当季饮水iAs~(3+)及iAs含量的升高而显著升高。可见,病区居民饮水砷暴露量与尿砷含量具有明显的季节差异性,饮水砷与尿砷的关系受饮水砷形态、季节变化及性别等因素影响。
The health hazard of high arsenic exposure to groundwater is a tremendous challenge in the area of environment and health. Seasonal variation in arsenic content and drinking water parameters of exposed populations may affect the accuracy of assessment of exposure to arsenic in drinking water. In this study, we selected arsenic poisoning wineries in Inner Mongolia as study area, and determined the content of arsenic (trivalent inorganic arsenic, iAs ~ (3+)) in drinking water and urine in wet season (May, 2013) and dry season (December, 2013) ), Pentavalent inorganic arsenic iAs ~ (5+), monomethyl arsenic MMA ~ (5+) and dimethyl arsenic DMA ~ (5 +) +) were used to study the seasonal changes of arsenic exposure and urinary arsenic. The results showed that the water content of arsenic (134.4 ± 25.8) μg · L -1 in the wet season was significantly lower than that in the dry season (163.2 ± 38.1) μg · L -1, (58.9 ± 51.2) μg · L -1 was significantly lower than that in the dry season (100.1 ± 49.0) μg · L -1. The arsenic content of drinking water in the study population was 313.1 μg · d -1, which was lower than 378.6 μg · d -1 in dry season. In addition, the urinary total arsenic (218.6 μg · L -1) of residents in wet season was significantly lower than that in dry season (283.1 μg · L -1). The urinary excretion of iAs, MMA ~ (5+) and total arsenic in wet season women decreased significantly with the increase of iAs ~ (5+) in drinking water. The urine MMA5 + content of women in dry season increased with iAs ~ 3+) and iAs increased significantly. It can be seen that there is a significant seasonal difference in the arsenic exposure and urinary arsenic content of ward residents. The relationship between arsenic and arsenic in drinking water is influenced by the arsenic form, seasons and gender of drinking water.