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一、太平洋活动边缘的火山作用类型和历史长期以来,火山作用的研究一直都是局限于浮出水面的岛屿火山喷发作用的,而洋底火山喷发却几乎不被地质人员所了解。然而,洋底却不仅是地球表面面积的最大的一部分(0致71％),而且还是一个特殊的地壳(洋壳)区域,洋壳在化学成分、物理特点,特别是在火山喷发作用的类型方面,与地质学家研究得较早的地球的其他部分(大陆壳和过渡壳)都是根本不同的。苏联地质学家业已证明,洋壳是在洋壳——过渡壳——大陆壳系列的顺序发展中的第一个阶段。未来必将证明,火山产物的大部分并不是以火山碎屑物质(火山灰)进入海洋的,而是以岩流的形式喷发于海底之上的。岩流形成了洋壳的第二层,并且是在大量被加热的、大
THE TYPES AND HISTORY OF VOLCANO ON THE MARGIN OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN The volcanic activity has long been limited to the volcanic eruptions of the surface waters of the island, which are rarely understood by geologists. However, the ocean floor is not only the largest part of the Earth’s surface (0 to 71% of the Earth’s surface area), but it is also a special crust (oceanic crust) where the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and especially the type of volcanic eruption , The other parts of the earth that were studied earlier by geologists (the continental crust and the transitional crust) are fundamentally different. Soviet geologists have demonstrated that the oceanic crust is the first phase in the sequential development of the oceanic crust - transitional crust - continental crust series. The future is bound to prove that most of the volcanic products do not enter the ocean with pyroclastic matter (pozzolan), but rather erupt above the seafloor in the form of rock flows. The rock flow forms the second layer of the oceanic crust and is heated in large quantities, large