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To evaluate the action of Apium graveolens L. on the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), cells culture and animal experiment were performed. NSCs were isolated from the striatum of SD rat embryo were cultured in the medium containing aqueous extract from Apium graveolens L (AAG).and/or the serum derived from mice treated with Apium graveolens L (SAG). The results show that AAG promoted the survival and growth of NSCs in low concentration. Apium graveolens L. leaves aqueous extract promoted the proliferation of NSCs in relatively high concentration. SAG significantly accelerated the differentiation of NSCs.