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面对19世纪末中国空前的民族危机和剧遽社会变迁,张謇选择了“实业救国”、“教育救国”的道路。南通博物苑作为张謇教育事业的重要组成部分,是其教育救国思想的具体体现。张謇在南通博物苑创办过程中实现了资本的文化化和文化的资本化双重过程:一方面,将经济资本转化为文化资本;另一方面,又将文化资本转化为其象征资本的一部分,使其获得更大社会权力,从而能够按照自己的政治理想对地方社会进行塑造。张謇对于作为文化资本的南通博物苑的支配主要体现在三个方面:藏品内容及知识系统的构建、博物馆教育作用的树立及对参观者的规范。张謇对文化资本的支配表面上是其个人意志的体现,由其政治理念所驱动;而深究,终不免受时代和机构属性等因素的制约与影响。
In the face of the unprecedented national crisis and dramatic changes in society in the late 19th century, Zhang Jian chose the path of “saving the nation by industry” and “saving the nation by education.” Nantong Museum as an important part of Zhang Jian’s educational undertaking is a concrete manifestation of his educational salvation thinking. On the one hand, it transformed economic capital into cultural capital; on the other hand, it transformed the cultural capital into a part of its symbolic capital so as to make the cultural capital capitalize. It gains greater social power and is thus able to shape the local community in accordance with its political ideals. Zhang Xun’s domination of the Nantong Museum as a cultural capital is mainly reflected in three aspects: the content of the collection and the construction of the knowledge system, the establishment of the museum’s educational function and the standardization of the visitors. Zhang 謇 dominated cultural capital on the surface is the embodiment of his own will, driven by his political philosophy; and research, and ultimately can not avoid the constraints of the times and institutional factors and other factors.