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近十年,我国利率市场化进程不断加快,在十八大三中全会上,中央再次强调稳步推进利率市场化,完善金融市场体系。我们国家是以商业银行为主导的金融市场架构,所以在利率市场化进程中,商业银行受到的影响最大。相较于大型银行,中小型银行的存贷款规模小,依赖利息收入的程度深。所以,受到利率市场化的影响,一方面中小型银行的主要收入减少,行业竞争加强,信贷和利率风险业上升,生存的压力大于有政府支持的国有大型银行。但是,从另一方面来说,中小型银行面临着一个转型发展的契机:发展中间业务,创新金融产品,加强风险监控能力,完成小型银行兼并以达规模效应等等。
In the past decade, the process of marketization of interest rates in our country continued to accelerate. At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Central Committee once again emphasized the steady march on the marketization of interest rates and the improvement of the financial market system. As our country is a financial market structure dominated by commercial banks, commercial banks are most affected in the process of marketization of interest rates. Compared to large banks, small and medium-sized banks have small deposits and loans and rely heavily on interest income. Therefore, influenced by the marketization of interest rates, on the one hand, the major income of small and medium-sized banks has been reduced, the competition in the industry has been strengthened, the credit and interest rate risks have risen, and the pressure of survival has been greater than that of state-owned large banks with government support. However, on the other hand, small and medium-sized banks are faced with a turning point for transformation and development: developing intermediary businesses, innovating financial products, strengthening risk monitoring capabilities, completing small bank mergers to achieve economies of scale and so on.