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目的:通过调查分析某大型水面舰艇航渡和靠港期间舰员眼科疾病的临床资料，探寻其发病原因，为大型舰艇眼科医疗保障提供依据。方法:分析某大型水面舰艇2018年1月至2019年8月航渡(84 d)和靠港(161 d)期间船员的眼科门诊就诊记录，统计各种眼病的发病率、构成比，并将其发病特点、诊治过程及愈后情况进行统计学分析。结果:航渡期间眼病发病率前6位的分别是结膜炎(8.72%)、视疲劳(3.42%)、干眼症(3.18%)、睑板腺炎(2.41%)、睑皮炎(1.00%)、眼外伤(0.94%)，靠港期间排名前6位的是结膜炎(8.07%)、干眼症(3.65%)、视疲劳(3.24%)、睑板腺炎(2.71%)、眼外伤(0.65%)、睑皮炎(0.41%)。航渡期间眼病构成比分别是结膜炎43.02%、视疲劳16.86%、干眼症15.70%、睑板腺炎11.92%、睑皮炎4.94%、眼外伤4.36%，靠港期间眼病构成比分别是结膜炎41.39%、干眼症18.73%、视疲劳16.62%、睑板腺炎13.90%、眼外伤3.32%、睑皮炎2.11%，2组发病率比较差异有统计学意义(n P0.05)。n 结论:某大型水面舰艇航渡期间舰员眼病发生率远高于靠港期间，尤其以感染性眼病、眼干、视疲劳和眼外伤为著。“,”Objective:Based on the investigation and analysis of the medical record of the ophthalmic diseases of the crewmen on a certain large surface ship during navigation and berthing, the causes of the diseases were analyzed, so as to provide a basis for the enhancement of ophthalmic medical support for large surface ships.Methods:The outpatient records of the crewmen in the Ophthalmology Department of a certain large surface ship during the navigation (84 d) and berthing (161 d) from January 2018 to August 2019 were reviewed; the incidence rate and proportion of various eye diseases were calculated; and the pathogenetic features, the whole course of diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis were statistically analyzed.Results:The eye diseases of top 6 incidence rate during navigation were conjunctivitis (8.72%), asthenopia (3.42%), xerophthalmia (3.18%), meibomianitis (2.41%), dermatitis of lids (1.00%), and ocular trauma (0.94%); the eye diseases of top 6 incidence rate in the period of berthing were conjunctivitis (8.07%), xerophthalmia (3.65%), asthenopia (3.24%), meibomianitis (2.71%), ocular trauma (0.65%), and dermatitis of lids (0.41%). The proportion of eye diseases during navigation were conjunctivitis (43.02%), asthenopia (16.86%), xerophthalmia (15.70%), meibomianitis (11.92%), dermatitis of lids (4.94%), and ocular trauma (4.36%), while the proportion of eye diseases during the berthing period were conjunctivitis (41.39%), xerophthalmia (18.73%), asthenopia (16.62%), meibomianitis (13.90%), ocular trauma (3.32%), and dermatitis of lids (2.11%). The differences in the incidence rates between the two groups were statistically significant (n P0.05).n Conclusion:The incidence rate of eye diseases of the crewmen on a large surface ship during navigation is much higher than that during the berthing period, and this is especially true for the incidence rates of infectious eye disease, xerophthalmia, asthenopia, and ocular trauma.