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目的：分析呼吸科住院患儿医院感染主要病原菌，为采取有效的医院感染控制措施提供参考依据。方法调查2012－2013年呼吸科住院诊治的2576例患儿临床资料，回顾性统计其发生医院感染患者分离鉴定的病原菌和药敏试验结果，分析患儿感染部位、病原菌变迁及药物敏感性。结果发生医院感染102例，医院感染率为3．96％；感染部位主要以上呼吸道为主，占53．92％，其次为胃肠道感染，占18．63％；共检出病原菌118株，其中革兰阴性菌80株占67．80％，革兰阳性菌22株占18．64％，真菌16株占13．56％；肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率由2012年的9．43％上升至2013年的24．62％，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；主要革兰阴性菌均呈多药耐药性。结论要及时监测呼吸科住院患儿病原菌变迁及药物敏感性，采取综合干预措施，并结合药敏试验结果合理选择抗菌药物。“,”OBJECTIVE To analyze hospital infections in hospitalized children and major pathogens in the respirato‐ry department in order to provide reference for taking effective infection control measures in hospital .METHODS Clinical data of 2 576 hospitalized children in the respiratory department during 2012 to 2013 were investigated to retrospectively summarize the separated and identified pathogens and drug sensitivity test results .The change of pathogenic bacteria ,drug sensitivity ,and infection sites were analyzed .RESULTS Hospital infections occurred in 102 cases ,the incidence rate was 3 .96% .The main infection sites were upper respiratory tract ,accounting for 53 .92% ,followed by gastrointestinal tract ,accounting for 18 .63% .Totally 118 pathogens were found ,including 80 gram‐negative bacteria accounting for 67 .80% ,22 gram‐positive bacteria accounting for 18 .64% ,16 fungi ac‐counting for 13 .56% .The detection rate of K lebsiella pneumoniae was increased from 9 .43% in 2012 to 24 .62%in 2013 ,the differences were significant (P< 0 .05) .The drug sensitivity test results showed the main gram‐nega‐tive bacteria were multi‐drug resistant .CONCLUSION Clinicians should timely monitor the bacterial change and the sensitivity to drugs for hospitalized children in the respiratory department and take comprehensive measures combi‐ning with the results of drug sensitive test to rationally select antimicrobial agents .