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利用美国1994-2011年十分位HS编码的贸易数据,将中国在美国市场上所占份额分解为广度、数量和价格三个维度,并与其他主要国家和地区对美国出口进行对比。结果发现:第一,数量扩张对中国在美国市场上份额增加的贡献最大,广度扩张次之,而价格增长的贡献最低;第二,尽管东亚其他国家和地区对美国出口的部分市场份额被中国所替代,但这些国家和地区实现了对美国出口价格指数的显著提升;第三,中国出口美国价格指数不仅显著低于其他国家和地区,而且增长速度缓慢。中国对美国的出口扩张仍处于“重数量、轻质量、低价格”的较低层次。
Taking advantage of trade data of U.S. HS codes from 1994 to 2011, the paper divides the share of China in the United States market into three dimensions: breadth, quantity and price, and compares it with that of other major countries and regions. The results show that: firstly, the expansion of quantity contributes the most to China’s increasing share of the U.S. market, followed by the expansion of its breadth and the contribution of price growth to the lowest; secondly, although the share of some other East Asian exports to the United States is dominated by China However, these countries and regions have achieved a significant increase in the U.S. export price index. Third, the U.S. price index on exports to China has been significantly lower than those of other countries and regions and has been slow to grow. China’s export expansion to the United States is still at a lower level of “heavy quantity, light weight and low price.”