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导数和弹性是经济学的重要分析工具，对其溯源与拓展具有重大的理论意义和现实意义：导数应用于分析函数因变量与自变量之间的变化方向，以及自变量变化 1 单位时导致因变量发生变化的变化量；弹性则用于分析函数自变量变化 1%时，导致因变量发生 变化的变化量，即因变量对自变量变化的敏感度；当导函数不具有经济学含义时，使用弹性则往往可以明确地显示出数理表达式的经济学含义。“,”Derivative and elasticity are important analytical tools of economics，which are of great theoretical and practical signifi原cance to trace and expand. Derivative is used to analyze the change direction between dependent variable and independent variable offunction，and the change quantity of dependent variable caused by the change of 1 unit of independent variable. Elasticity is used toanalyze the change of dependent variable when the independent variable of function changes by 1%，that is，the sensitivity of depen原dent variable to the change of independent variable; When the derivative function has no economic meaning，the use of elasticity canoften clearly show the economic meaning of mathematical expressions.