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乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒感染是全球主要的公共卫生问题和经济负担。大多数垂直感染的儿童均无明显症状，但处于罹患慢性病毒性肝炎，并进一步进展至肝硬化或肝细胞癌的高风险中。在过去的20～30年中，随着检验技术的快速发展及抗病毒药物的不断研发，乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染所引起的病毒性肝炎的诊治取得长足进展。然而由于儿童患者的特殊性，对其诊断及抗病毒治疗仍需仔细判断及评估。现围绕儿童病毒性肝炎的诊治中的难点总结其进展。“,”Hepatitis B and C virus infections are major global public health problem and economic burden. Most children with vertical infection have asymptomatic hepatitis, but the risk of chronic viral hepatitis and further development of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma is higher. Over the past two to three decades, with the rapid development of detection technology and the continuous research and development of antiviral drugs, great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis B and C infection. However, due to the particularity of its characteristics, it is still necessary to carefully judge and evaluate the diagnosis and antiviral treatment of children. This article focuses on the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis in children, and summarizes its progress.