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陕西龙山文化最早是指客省庄二期文化而言,因50年代初首先发现于长安客省庄而得名。①这一文化主要分布在陕西渭水中、下游地区,它是晚于仰韶文化的一种新石器时代文化,特征非常明显。目前已发掘的重要遗址除客省庄②外,有岐山双庵③、武功赵家来④、临潼姜寨⑤和康家⑥、华县梓里⑦、华阴横阵⑧等地。陕南⑨、陕北⑩亦有发现,但文化特征有所差异。40多年来,随着诸多同类遗址的发现,关于客省庄二期文化的研究,也越来越趋于深入广泛。如对该文化的命名、源头、分布、类型、年代、特征、性质以及发展去向等问题,均取得了许多可喜的研究成果。只是由于发掘工作的一定局限,在看法上尚未取得完全一致的意见。1985—1988年,我们在西安老牛坡商代遗址的发掘过程中,于商代文化层下偶然发
Shaanxi Longshan culture first refers to the second provincial culture of visitors province, because the early 50s first discovered in Chang’an off provincial named. ① This culture is mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of Shaanxi Weishui. It is a neolithic culture that is later than Yangshao culture. The characteristics are very obvious. At present, the important sites that have been excavated are except Chuangzhuang ②, such as Qishan Shuangmian ③, Wu Gong Zhao Kailai ④, Lintong Jiangzhai ⑤ and Kangjia ⑥, Huaxian Ziya ⑦, Huayin Hengjiao ⑧ and other places. Southern Shaanxi ⑨, northern ⑩ have also been found, but the cultural characteristics are different. For more than 40 years, with the discovery of many similar sites, the research on the culture of Kejiazhuang II has also become more and more widespread. Such as the naming of the culture, the source, distribution, type, age, characteristics, nature and whereabouts of development and other issues, have made many gratifying research results. Only due to some limitations of excavation, in the opinion has not yet been completely consistent opinion. From 1985 to 1988, during the excavation of Laoxiapo Shang Dynasty Site in Xi’an, incidental to the Shang Dynasty culture