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为探讨包膜控释氮肥对苦瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响,确定育苗阶段合理的控释氮肥用量及移栽时适宜的氮素携带量,该试验共设置5个控释肥料用量处理和1个传统育苗施肥处理,控释氮用量分别为0、0.6、1.2、2.4、4.8 kg N/m~3,传统育苗氮处理为0.6 kg N/m~3,4次重复,随机排列。结果表明,控释氮肥用量在0.6-2.4 kg N/m~3范围内时,苦瓜幼苗都可以正常生长,植株地上部和根系干物质的累积量、根长及根系表面积参数都优于对照处理,与此对应的移栽期基质适宜无机氮含量为每穴盘99.3-162.5 mg。控释氮素用量为1.2 kg N/m~3时,育苗效果最优。相比于传统的施氮处理,基质中添加1.2 kg N/m~3控释氮素促进苦瓜幼苗累积干物质,增加吸氮量改善了根系生长状况,移栽时单株幼苗可实现139.8mg的带肥移栽,比传统方法培育的幼苗多携带了83.3 mg氮素,可持续为定植后的苦瓜幼苗及时提供养分,降低前期遇雨脱肥风险并减少基肥投入和损失。
In order to investigate the effect of coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and nutrient absorption of seedlings of Momordica charantia L., and to determine the appropriate amount of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers and the suitable amount of nitrogen for transplanting, a total of 5 controlled-release fertilizers A traditional nursery fertilization treatment, the amount of controlled release nitrogen were 0,0.6,1.2,2.4,4.8 kg N / m ~ 3, the traditional nursery nitrogen treatment 0.6 kg N / m ~ 3,4 times repeated random arrangement. The results showed that the seedlings of Momordica charantia could grow normally when the amount of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer was in the range of 0.6-2.4 kg N / m ~ 3. The accumulation of dry matter and the root length and root surface area of shoots and roots were better than those of the control , And corresponding to the transplanting matrix suitable inorganic nitrogen content of 99.3-162.5 mg per hole disk. When the amount of controlled release nitrogen was 1.2 kg N / m ~ 3, the seedling effect was the best. Compared with the conventional nitrogen application, the addition of 1.2 kg N / m ~ 3 controlled-release nitrogen to the substrate promoted the accumulation of dry matter in the balsam pear seedling and increased the nitrogen uptake, which could improve the growth of the root system. The transplanted seedlings could achieve 139.8mg Of the transplanting with fat, more than the traditional methods to cultivate the seedlings carry 83.3 mg more nitrogen, sustainable for the bitter gourd seedlings after planting promptly provide nutrients, reduce the risk of rain and fertilizer to reduce the early and reduce the base fertilizer input and loss.