几种主要元素在黔中山地喀斯特森林内的流动和分配

• 作 者: 张喜 薛建辉 生原喜久雄 崔迎春 刘延惠 田野 于曙明
• 机 构: 贵州省林业科学研究院,南京林业大学,东京农工大学,贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州省林业科学研究院,东京农工大学,贵州省林业科学研究院 贵阳,550011,贵阳,550011,贵阳,550011,贵阳,55
• 出 处: 东北林业大学学报
• 发表日期: 2007年07期
• 关键词: 喀斯特原生林 喀斯特次生林 N K Ca Mg 养分元素分配

降雨经黔中山地喀斯特森林冠层后,Ca2+、Mg2+、K+浓度相应增加;NO3-、NH4+浓度在喀斯特原生林内增加、在喀斯特次生林内降低。在试验林集水区溪流中NH4+、K+浓度较林隙降雨低,NO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度较林隙降雨高。不同喀斯特森林林内和林隙降雨中,Ca2+、Mg2+、K+季节浓度在夏季较低,林隙降雨中冬季较高、林内降雨中秋—冬季较高;NO3-、NH4+季节浓度在林隙降雨中以夏—秋季较低,在林内降雨中低值多变。喀斯特原生林内Mg、K、Ca、N储量总值大于喀斯特次生林,喀斯特原生林相应值为236.816、144.551、18.286、11.912t.hm-2,喀斯特次生林相应值为24.720、76.219、3.124、11.326t.hm-2。土壤层的相关离子量高于植被层,占植被-土壤系统的98.20%～98.87%。乔木层的相关离子量>枯枝落叶层>灌木层>草本层。喀斯特原生林随降雨输入的相关离子量为133.720kg.hm-2.a-1,随地表径流和壤中流的流失量为18.994kg.hm-2.a-1,因降雨的净增量为114.726kg.hm-2.a-1(占植被-土壤系统量的0.028%),枯枝落叶归还量为77.981kg.hm-2.a-1(占0.019%);喀斯特次生林中上述相应指标值分别为81.317、17.476、63.841(0.055%)、73.960kg.hm-2.a-1(0.064%)。相关离子在喀斯特次生林内的归还量<喀斯特原生林、N和K的流失量>喀斯特原生林、Ca和Mg的流失量<喀斯特原生林,减少地表径流和壤中流的技术措施有利于林地养分积累。适当保存枯枝落叶是喀斯特森林可持续经营的重要措施之一,喀斯特森林地表和土壤的年径流量占林隙降雨量的2.16%～2.28%,植被恢复是喀斯特地区控制水土流失和积蓄养分的有效手段。 After rainfall, the concentrations of Ca2 +, Mg2 + and K + increased correspondingly in the canopy of Karst forest in Guizhou province. The concentrations of NO3- and NH4 + increased in the karst primary forest and decreased in the karst secondary forest. The concentrations of NH4 + and K + in the streams of the experimental forest catchment were lower than those in the gaps, and the concentrations of NO3-, Ca2 + and Mg2 + were higher than those in the gaps. The seasonal concentrations of Ca2 +, Mg2 + and K + in the different Karst forest stands were lower in summer and higher in winter in the gap rain, and mid-autumn rainfall in the forest was higher in winter and higher in winter. The seasonal concentrations of NO3- and NH4 + Summer - low in autumn, low in forest change. The total reserves of Mg, K, Ca and N in the karst primary forest are larger than those in the karst secondary forest. The corresponding values ​​of the karst primary forest are 236.816, 144.551, 18.286 and 11.912 t.hm-2, respectively, and the corresponding values ​​of the karst secondary forest are 24.720, 76.219, 3.124 and 11.26 t. hm-2. The amount of related ions in the soil layer is higher than the vegetation layer, accounting for 98.20% -98.87% of the vegetation-soil system. The amount of relative ions in the arbor layer> litter layer> shrub layer> herb layer. The relative amount of ion input into the karst primary forest with rainfall was 133.720kg.hm-2.a-1. The loss of surface runoff and soil flow was 18.994kg.hm-2.a-1. The net increment of rainfall was 114.726kg.hm-2.a-1 (accounting for 0.028% of vegetation-soil system) and the return of litter was 77.981kg.hm-2.a-1 (accounting for 0.019%). The corresponding indicators in the karst secondary forest The values ​​were 81.317, 17.476, 63.841 (0.055%), 73.960 kg.hm-2.a-1 (0.064%), respectively. Correlated ions return in karst secondary forest Karst primary forest, Ca and Mg loss