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以鹅毛竹为材料,采用透射电子显微镜技术对花药发育的超微结构进行了系统研究。结果表明:鹅毛竹花药具4个药室,花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层组成。花药壁发育为单子叶型。造孢时期的造孢细胞胞质较浓厚,线粒体、高尔基体丰富,含有大量的小泡,有少量油滴;小孢子母细胞分裂期超微结构特征明显,分裂前期小孢子母细胞内含大量小泡、环状片层、高尔基体及线粒体,分裂期的小孢子母细胞胞质中的小泡、线粒体更加丰富,高电子致密颗粒的数量明显增加;二分体细胞内具有丰富的线粒体,个别细胞壁上有胞质通道,胼胝质壁加厚;刚释放出的小孢子壁薄,线粒体、环状片层丰富;中央期小孢子形成期呈圆球形,细胞质稠密,具有丰富的线粒体、内质网、高尔基体等细胞器。随着小孢子的发育,其外壁逐渐增厚,在质膜外侧形成了3条宽窄不等的电子致密带,即外壁表层、基粒棒层和外壁内层,此时形成萌发孔;成熟花粉粒充满淀粉粒。在花药发育期间出现雄性败育现象,主要表现为绒毡层细胞过早解体和小孢子母细胞及单核小孢子形态畸形,这些异常是雄性败育的主要原因之一。
The microstructure of anther development was studied systematically by transmission electron microscopy using goose as the material. The results showed that there are four medicinal plants in the gooseneck anther, the anther wall is composed of the epidermis, the inner wall of the drugstore, the middle layer and the tapetum. Anther wall development as a monocotyledon. The cytoplasm of the sporulation cells in the sporulation stage was thicker with rich mitochondria and Golgi apparatus containing a large number of vesicles with a few oil droplets. The microstructures of microspore mother cells were distinct during the mitosis, The number of vesicles and mitochondria in the cytoplasm of microspore mother cells in mitosis was more abundant, and the number of high-electron dense particles was significantly increased. The number of mitochondria, mitochondria, Cytoplasmic channels were found on individual cell walls and thickened callose wall. The newly released microspores were thin, mitochondrion and ring-shaped lamellae were abundant. The microspore formed in the central stage was spherical with dense cytoplasm and abundant mitochondria. Cytoplasm, Golgi and other organelles. With the development of microspore, its outer wall gradually thickens, forming three electron-dense bands with different widths on the outer side of the plasma membrane, that is, the outer wall surface, the basement layer and the inner layer of the outer wall, at this time to form germination holes; mature pollen Granules filled with starch grains. Male abortion appeared during the development of anther, which was mainly manifested as the premature disintegration of tapetal cells and morphological deformity of microspore mother cells and mononuclear microspores, which were one of the major causes of male abortion.