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本文将萃合物在有机相中的状态分为共价键分子和离子鍵分子两类来討論稀释剂影响的規律性。对于这两类萃取系統,分別提出了分配比(D)与有机相的平均溶解度参数及与介电常数(ε)间的近似关系。从这观点出发,討論了稀释剂的性貭和浓度对分配比的影响以及惰性稀释剂与萃取剂产生协同作用的条件。对于TBP萃取硝酸和硝酸鈾酰,丁醚萃取三氯化鉄和硝酸以及TBP萃取高氯酸时稀释剂影响的規律性进行了实驗研究。发現固定萃取剂的浓度改变稀释剂时,前两系統分配比的变化与稀释剂的σ有一定的关系,而对后三系統,以lgD(或IgK_c)对1/ε作图时近似地得到直綫。若用丁醚萃取硝酸或三氯化鉄,以1,2-二氯乙烷或硝基苯作稀释剂时,发現它們与萃取剂有协同作用。
In this paper, the state of the complex in the organic phase is divided into covalent bond molecules and ionic bond molecules to discuss the impact of the regularity of the diluent. For these two types of extraction systems, the approximate relationship between the distribution ratio (D) and the average solubility parameter of the organic phase and the dielectric constant (ε) respectively is proposed. From this point of view, the influence of the diluent’s viscosity and concentration on the distribution ratio and the conditions for the synergistic effect of the inert diluent and the extractant are discussed. The regularity of the influence of TBP on the extraction of nitric acid and uranyl nitrate, dibutyl ether extraction of trichloride and nitric acid, and the influence of diluent on the extraction of perchloric acid by TBP were studied. Found that the fixed extractant concentration change diluent, the first two system distribution ratio changes and the diluent sigma has a certain relationship, and the latter three systems, lgD (or IgK_c) to 1 / ε when mapping Get straight. If nitric acid or trichloride is extracted with dibutyl ether and 1,2-dichloroethane or nitrobenzene is used as a diluent, it is found that they have a synergistic effect with the extractant.