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在医学昆虫分类中,长期以来都是以形态特征作为分类的依据,然而许多复合体的相继发现,亲缘种的存在,使得单纯的形态分类学无法对其进行鉴别。虽然有些学者已经应用遗传杂交、同工酶、多线染色体以及气相层析分析昆虫体表碳水化合物组分等方法对亲缘种进行了分类研究,但都难以对亲缘种做出可靠鉴定或在流行病学调查中推广应用。 DNA探针以其较高的特异性和敏感性成为分类鉴定亲缘种的可靠方法。憎蚋是含有多个亲绿种的复合体,Post(1985,1987)等建立了可用于分类鉴定憎蚋复合体内一些亲缘种的DNA探针;Gale(1987)、Collins(1987)等用不同的方法制备了识别网比亚按蚊复合体内6个亲缘种的DNA探针,其它学者也应用DNA探针技术对大劣按蚊、白蛉等医学昆虫进行分类研究。DNA探针还可用于昆虫抗性研究工作,如Mouchès(1986)等筛选出检测致倦库蚊有机磷杀虫剂抗性的DNA探针。因此,多种探针可联合应用于病原检查、媒介分类、抗性测定等研究工作。本文简要叙述了DNA探针分类鉴定医学昆虫的基本原理、使用方法以及一些应用在医学昆虫分类研究中的例子。
In the medical insect classification, morphological characteristics have long been used as the basis for classification. However, the discovery of many complex species and the existence of kinship species make it impossible for simple morphological taxonomy to identify them. Although some scholars have used genetic hybridization, isozymes, multi-line chromosomes and gas chromatography analysis of insect surface carbohydrate components and other methods for the classification of relatives, but are difficult to make a reliable identification of relatives or epidemic Popularization and application of medical investigation. With its high specificity and sensitivity, DNA probes have become a reliable method for taxonomic identification of relatives. Homophobia is a complex containing a number of pro-green species. Post-1985 (1985), a DNA probe that can be used to classify some relatives in the hate complex has been established by Gale (1987) and Collins (1987) DNA probes were also used to identify the DNA probes of 6 relatives in the complex of An. Mosquito. Other scholars also used DNA probe technology to classify medical insects such as Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles stephensi. DNA probes can also be used in insect resistance research work, such as Mouchès (1986) and other screening for detection of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus organophosphate pesticide resistance of DNA probes. Therefore, a variety of probes can be used in combination with pathogen detection, vector classification, resistance determination and other research work. This article briefly describes the basic principles of DNA probes for the identification of medical insects, methods of use and some examples of applications in the study of medical insects.