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中国流通领域的改革开放是建立社会主义市场经济体制的重要内容。改革开放之前,中国流通领域长期存在高度集中而又封闭分割的特征,国内与国外市场、内贸与外贸相互隔绝,存在两个管理体制和两种政策环境。经过30年的改革开放,中国流通领域的体制环境已经面貌一新,开放型现代流通体制框架已经初步建立,与WTO接轨的商务管理体制已见雏形,商贸服务业的产业延伸促进了体制创新。改革的主要经验是,以对外开放为先导,以开放促改革;改革遵循先易后难、边破边立、逐步完善的渐进路径;突破传统商品流通领域框架,建立了容纳更多服务业的新商务体制。改革经验的经济学含义是,选择出口导向开放战略作为改革突破口具有必然性;商品与服务流通的市场结构与人力资本存在内在联系;扩大非物质产品流通是体制创新的重要基础。
The reform and opening up in the field of circulation in China is an important part of establishing a socialist market economic system. Prior to the reform and opening up, there was a long history of highly centralized and closed-minded segregation in China’s circulation field. There was a separation between domestic and foreign markets, domestic trade and foreign trade, and there were two management systems and two policy environments. After 30 years of reform and opening up, the institutional environment for China’s circulation has taken on a new look. The framework for an open modern circulation system has been basically established. The establishment of a business management system in line with the WTO has taken shape. The industrial extension of the trade and service industry has promoted institutional innovation. The main experience of reform is that we should take opening to the outside world as the guide and promote the reform through opening up. The reform follows a gradual and easy path that is easier for the more vulnerable, easier for the people to break through, and gradually improves. The framework of the traditional commodity circulation will be broken through and the framework for accommodating more services New business system. The economic meaning of reform experience is that it is inevitable to choose an export-oriented opening strategy as a breakthrough point in the reform. The market structure of goods and services circulation is intrinsically linked to human capital. Expanding the flow of non-material products is an important foundation for institutional innovation.