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压强是气体的一个重要状态参量,它是一个宏观量。我们可以用实验来测定容器内气体的压强,研究它随温度及容器体积变化的规律。但是要说明气体压强的实质,则需借助于分子运动论。根据气体分子运动论,我们可以从理想气体模型导出理想气体的压强公式。在推导理想气体压强公式时,一般都用到气体分子与器壁碰撞后,其与器壁垂直的速度分量大小不变这一关系。有些书中说,根据气体分子与器壁的碰撞是完全弹性的这一假设可得出上述关系。其实单由完全弹性碰撞的假设并不能直接得出这一关系。也有的书中为了说
Pressure is an important state parameter of gas, it is a macroscopic quantity. We can use experiments to determine the pressure of gas in a container and study its variation with temperature and container volume. However, to explain the nature of gas pressure, it is necessary to use the theory of molecular motion. According to the theory of gas molecular motion, we can derive the ideal gas pressure formula from the ideal gas model. In the derivation of the ideal gas pressure formula, the relationship between gas molecules and the wall of the device is generally used. Some books say that the above relationship can be derived from the assumption that the collision of gas molecules with the walls is completely elastic. In fact, the assumption of complete elastic collision alone cannot directly lead to this relationship. There are also books to say