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综述了近年来国内外若干缓蚀性物质对金属材料小孔腐蚀缓蚀效果和机制的研究进展,涉及到的缓蚀性物质主要包括无机阴离子、有机分子/离子以及稀土元素.到目前,针对无机阴离子对小孔腐蚀缓蚀效果和机制的研究相对较多,而针对稀土元素的则相对较少.本文通过综合介绍,以期为开发可同时抑制金属均匀腐蚀和小孔腐蚀的新型复合缓蚀剂提供支持和帮助,并指明进一步的研究方向.“,”The addition of inhibitors is one of the main methods to control the corrosion of metals and alloys.At present,studies and applications about inhibitors are mainly focused on the inhibition for uniform corrosion,but less on the inhibition for localized corrosion,particularly for pitting corrosion.In this paper,the inhibition effect and mechanism of several inhibitive species for pitting corrosion are summarized and compared,involving mainly inorganic anions,organic molecules/ions and rare earth elements.Relatively speaking,there are many studies about the inhibition of inorganic anions in recent years,but the published reports about the inhibition of rare earth elements are relatively few.The objective of this paper is to provide a reference for the development of novel and composite inhibitors in order to control uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion simultaneously.Finally,the further studies and applications are predicted.