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采用生命周期分析方法,以1 000 L甘薯乙醇为单位功能单元,将甘薯乙醇生产体系分成作物种植、原料运输和乙醇转换等3个单元,对其生命周期能耗与环境排放进行清单分析和影响评价,比较习惯施肥与测土配方施肥下甘薯乙醇生命周期9类环境影响潜力的差异。结果表明:两种施肥模式下甘薯乙醇生产体系的生命周期能源效率分别为1.41和1.43。习惯施肥模式下甘薯乙醇生命周期主要环境影响类型包括人体毒性、富营养化、酸化、淡水生态毒性、能耗和全球变暖,其环境影响潜力分别相当于2000年世界人均影响潜力的40%、40%、31%、29%、25%和20%。测土配方施肥降低了化学氮肥和磷肥使用量,提高了肥料利用效率和甘薯单产,使富营养化、淡水生态毒性、酸化和全球变暖潜力分别降低了31%、15%、9%和7%。可见,测土配方施肥模式可改善甘薯乙醇生命周期的能源效率并显著缓解其负面环境影响。
Using life cycle analysis method, 1 000 L of sweet potato ethanol as functional unit, the sweet potato ethanol production system was divided into three units: crop planting, raw material transportation and ethanol conversion, and the inventory analysis of the life cycle energy consumption and environmental impact Evaluate and compare the environmental potential differences of nine types of sweet potato ethanol life cycle under habitat and soil testing. The results showed that the life cycle energy efficiency of sweet potato ethanol production system under the two fertilization modes were 1.41 and 1.43, respectively. The main environmental impact types of sweet potato ethanol life cycle in habitual fertilization include human toxicity, eutrophication, acidification, freshwater ecotoxicity, energy consumption and global warming. The environmental impact potentials are equivalent to 40% of the world’s per capita impact potential in 2000, 40%, 31%, 29%, 25% and 20%. Soil testing and fertilization reduced chemical nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer use, increased fertilizer use efficiency and sweet potato yield, and decreased the potential of eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, acidification and global warming by 31%, 15%, 9% and 7% respectively %. Therefore, soil testing and fertilization mode can improve the energy efficiency of sweet potato ethanol life cycle and significantly reduce its negative environmental impact.