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(一) 在社会主义条件下,实现了生产资料公有制,因而产生了对公有制经济内部劳动者个人消费品实行按劳分配的客观必然性。对此,人们在理论上早已承认了它的科学性。然而,由于平均主义、特权行为严重,对国民收入长期存在高扣除、高浪费,否定人们的物质利益原则,特别是把马克思主义经典作家预想的按劳分配理论作教条化的理解,脱离我国社会主义商品经济的实际等等因素的影响,因而在我国三十多年的社会主义实践中,却一直未能真正贯彻按劳分配原则,由此严重挫伤了广大劳动者的生产积极性和创造性,极大地削弱了社会前进的动力机制,影响了国民经济的快速发展。 就我国实行社会主义公有制的历史实践来说,已经证明社会主义不可能逾越商品经济的发展阶段,直接进入马克思主义经典作家所预想的产品经济形态,而必须实行社会主义商品经济。因此,如果我们把通行于社会主义产品经济条件下的按劳分配原则放到社会主义商品经济中来贯彻,就会不可避免地遇到极大的障碍。具体说来,一是很难测算社会上千差万别的局部劳动是否转化为社会劳动,以及转化的具体数额;二是很难及时调整、更无法避免由于商品价格与价值背离所造成的对商品生产者有效劳动的评价偏差。因为,其一,在社会主义商品经济条件下,由于社会生产力发展水平的
(1) Under the condition of socialism, the public ownership of the means of production has been realized, thus creating the objective necessity of practically distributing the individual consumer goods of the laborers within the public-owned economy to each other according to their work. In this regard, people in theory have long recognized its scientific nature. However, because of egalitarianism and serious prerogatives, China has long been subject to high deductions, high waste and negation of the material rights of the people, especially the doctrinal understanding of the Marxist classics-based distribution of labor according to the theory of labor distribution. The actual commodity economy and so on. Therefore, in the thirty years of socialist practice in our country, it has not been able to truly implement the principle of distribution according to work. This has seriously dampened the enthusiasm and creativity of the vast numbers of workers, The earth weakened the momentum of social progress and affected the rapid development of the national economy. For our country to practice the historical practice of socialist public ownership, it has been proved that socialism can not surpass the development stage of commodity economy and directly enter into the product economy that the classical Marxist writers envisioned, and must implement the socialist commodity economy. Therefore, if we put the principle of distribution according to work into the socialist commodity economy under the socialist economic conditions and implement them, we will inevitably encounter great obstacles. Specifically, it is difficult to measure whether the local labor with varying local conditions is transformed into social labor or the specific amount of conversion. Second, it is difficult to adjust in time and even more difficult to avoid any discrimination in commodity producers Evaluation of effective labor bias. Because, first, under the socialist commodity economy, due to the level of development of social productive forces