论文部分内容阅读
目的:探究中学生体育锻炼行为和心理因素之间的内在关系,为进一步完善健康教育和开展有针对性的健康干预提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段分层抽样、整群抽样的方法分别在全国三个城市(杭州、武汉、西安)抽取初中和高中共12所中学,并选取初一、初二、高一、高二四个年级3600名中学生作为调查对象,统一使用信效度良好的《青少年体育锻炼行为-心理测定量表》来收集数据;构建并运用结构方程模型探究心理因素(改变策略、决策平衡正向效应、决策平衡负向效应、自我效能)与体育锻炼行为之间的内在关系。结果:改变策略对体育锻炼行为产生标准化直接效应值为0.344,在四大维度中改变策略对体育锻炼行为影响最大;决策平衡负向效应对体育锻炼行为产生直接效应值为0.071;决策平衡正向效应对体育锻炼行为产生直接效应值为0.093;自我效能对体育锻炼行为产生直接效应值为0.169;四大心理因素之间的相关性参数估计显示改变策略、决策平衡正向效应、自我效能三者与决策平衡负向效应呈负相关且具有统计学意义。结论:心理因素对行为的改变有直接作用,改变策略对中学生体育锻炼行为影响程度最大,并且四大心理因素之间也有显著的相关关系。这对于制定中学生体育运动计划,提高中学生身体素质具有重要意义。
Objective: To explore the inner relationship between physical exercise behaviors and psychological factors of middle school students, and to provide a scientific basis for further improving health education and carrying out targeted health interventions. Methods: A total of 12 middle and high schools were selected from 12 middle schools in three cities (Hangzhou, Wuhan and Xi’an) by multistage stratified sampling and cluster sampling respectively. The first, second, first, 3600 middle school students of grade one were enrolled in this study. The “Youth Physical Exercise Behavior - Psychometric Scale” was used to collect data with good reliability and validity. The structural equation model was used to explore the psychological factors (changing strategy, Decision-making balance negative effect, self-efficacy) and physical exercise behavior. Results: The direct effect value of the change strategy on physical exercise behavior was 0.344, and the change strategy had the greatest impact on physical exercise behavior among the four dimensions. The negative effect of decision-making balance had a direct effect on physical exercise behavior of 0.071. The decision-making balance was positive The direct effect value of the effect on physical exercise behavior was 0.093; the direct effect value of self-efficacy on physical exercise behavior was 0.169; the correlation parameter estimation of the four psychological factors showed that the change strategy, the balanced positive effect of decision-making and the self-efficacy Negatively correlated with negative balance of decision-making and has statistical significance. Conclusion: Psychological factors have a direct effect on the change of behavior. The change strategy has the greatest influence on middle school students’ physical exercise behavior, and there is also a significant correlation between the four psychological factors. This is of great significance to formulating plans for sports activities for secondary school students and improving the physical quality of secondary school students.