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目的 :了解需要层次在小学生中的分布特点 ,为开展素质教育提供可靠依据。方法 :采取问卷调查方式 ,调查 1 2 56例小学生心理需要状况 ,并对个性和行为进行评定 ,同时进行智商测定。结果 :小学生心理需要以自尊需要为最多 ,其次为自我实现的需要、爱的需要、生理需要及安全需要 ;高年级学生需要层次高于低年级 ,女生高于男生 ,学习成绩差、智商低及有行为问题者需要层次均低于正常组。结论 :小学生需要层次存在性别、年龄差异 ,学习成绩、智商、性格及行为问题均与需要的内容和层次有关 ,加强心理素质教育有利于学生德智体全面发展。
Objective: To understand the distribution characteristics of need level among primary school students and provide a reliable basis for carrying out quality education. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the mental needs of 1 2 56 primary school students. The personality and behavior were assessed and the IQ was measured at the same time. Results: The need of self-esteem is the most important among primary school students, followed by the need of self-actualization, the need of love, the need of physical and safety. The need of senior students is higher than that of lower grades, girls are higher than boys, poor academic performance, People with behavioral problems need lower levels than the normal group. Conclusion: There is gender and age difference, academic achievement, IQ, personality and behavioral problems in primary school students are related to the content and level of their needs. Strengthening psychological quality education is conducive to students’ all-round development of moral, physical and mental health.