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现代教学论认为:在学习活动中,学生不是被动的、消极的客体,而是有充分能动性的主体.若教师重视、理解了这一主体,则学生将会自觉自愿地参与到学习过程中来.若教师不尊重学生的主体意识,在教学中只是以自己的思维代替学生的思维,或仅仅根据教学大纲和经验进行教学,则难以优化课堂教学的结构和提高教学效果.如何优化课堂教学的结构,发挥学生的能动性、积极性和创造性呢?笔者根据初中学生的心理特征(具有较强的求知欲和表现欲等)和围绕初中历史教学的主要目标之一(使学生初步掌握记忆、分析、综合、比较、概括等方法;培养学生学习和表述历史的能力;培养学生初步运用历史唯物主义的基本观点观察问题、分析问题的能力),尝试和实践了以“指导阅读一组织讨论一引导交流一巧妙点拨一反馈总结”为基本结构的”新五步教学法”,并取得了一些粗浅的认识.
In the modern teaching theory, students think that in the learning activities, the students are not the passive and negative objects, but the ones that are fully motivated.If the teacher values and understands the subject, the students will voluntarily participate in the learning process. It is difficult to optimize the structure of classroom teaching and improve teaching effectiveness if teachers do not respect students' subjective consciousness, replace their thinking only with their own thinking in teaching, or only according to syllabus and experience. , And give full play to their motivation, enthusiasm and creativity. Based on the psychological characteristics of junior high school students (with strong curiosity and performance desire, etc.) and one of the main objectives of teaching history in junior middle school (to enable students to master the memory, analysis and synthesis , Compare and summarize other methods; cultivate students' abilities to learn and express history; train students to use historical materialism to observe problems and analyze problems in a preliminary way); try and practice a “guided reading” Cleverly call a feedback summary “as the basic structure of the” new five-step teaching method "and made Some superficial understanding.