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香港经济的崛起,是二战以后几十年间的事,纵观其发展轨迹,除了与香港自身特殊地理位置有关外,与当代中国、世界的风云变幻有直接联系。香港,这个祖国南方边睡小岛,几乎没有任何自然资源,甚至淡水也要从内地输入。但正是这样一个弹丸之地,却是祖国南部的重要港口,与内地有天然的经济联系,历来是中国沟通海外的门户,了望世界的窗口。早在殖民地初期,外国商人就在香港采购内地茶叶、丝绸、土产,又从香港向内地贩卖鸦片、棉布等“洋货”。1911年九广铁路通车,更大大加强了中国南部地区通过香港与海外的商品交流,从而形成了香港的转口港地位。抗战初期和战后,内地一批企业包括资金、技术和劳动力流入香港,为香港工业发展建立了初步基础。
The rise of Hong Kong’s economy is a matter of several decades after the Second World War. Looking at its development track, apart from its special geographical location, Hong Kong is directly linked to the changing situation in contemporary China and the world. Hong Kong, a small island to the south of the motherland, barely has any natural resources and even freshwater is imported from the Mainland. However, it is such a case of a projectile that is an important port in the southern part of the motherland and has natural economic ties with the Mainland. It has always been a gateway to overseas communications in China and a window to the world. As early as the early days of the colonial era, foreign merchants purchased tea, silk and indigenous products in the Mainland from Hong Kong and opium, cotton cloth and other “foreign goods” from Hong Kong to the Mainland. The opening of the Kowloon-Canton Railway in 1911 further strengthened the exchange of goods with Hong Kong through overseas markets in southern China, thus forming Hong Kong’s entrepot status. In the early days of the war and after the war, a batch of enterprises in the Mainland, including capital, technology and labor force, entered Hong Kong, setting the initial foundation for the industrial development in Hong Kong.