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目的:探讨医院感染危险因素,为预防和控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法:采用前瞻性监测与回顾性调查相结合的方法,收集住院患者信息系统相关资料及感染管理科的监测资料,应用SPSS15.0软件进行统计分析。结果:医院感染发生率1.68%,感染例次发生率1.90%。男性高于女性(P<0.01)。60岁及以上患者感染发生率最高(3.05%),各年龄组感染发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。住院天数越长医院感染率越高(P<0.01)。基础疾病中糖尿病、恶性肿瘤、血液系统疾病及其他慢性疾病(包括呼吸系统、消化系统、心脑血管病等)与医院感染有关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。侵入性操作项目如泌尿道插管、动静脉插管、呼吸机、气管切开、气管插管与医院感染有关(P<0.01),免疫抑制剂、抗菌药物及放、化疗等治疗手段也与医院感染有密切相关性(P<0.01)。结论:对医院感染发病率高的因素应重点控制,逐步开展目标性监测。
Objective: To explore the risk factors of nosocomial infection and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods: The prospective surveillance and retrospective investigation were combined to collect the information of inpatient information system and the surveillance data of infection management department, and SPSS15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The incidence of nosocomial infection was 1.68% and the incidence of nosocomial infections was 1.90%. Men were higher than women (P <0.01). The highest incidence of infection was found in patients 60 years and older (3.05%), and the incidence of infection among all age groups was statistically significant (P <0.01). Hospital stay longer hospital infection rate (P <0.01). Diabetes, malignancies, hematologic diseases and other chronic diseases (including respiratory system, digestive system, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, etc.) in basic diseases were associated with nosocomial infections (P <0.05, P <0.01). Invasive operations such as urinary catheterization, arteriovenous intubation, ventilator, tracheotomy, endotracheal intubation and hospital infection (P <0.01), immunosuppressive agents, antimicrobial agents and radiotherapy and chemotherapy and other treatment methods Hospital infection is closely related (P <0.01). Conclusion: The factors that have a high incidence of nosocomial infections should be controlled and targeted monitoring should be gradually carried out.