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两年四季双季连作稻田间试验结果表明,有机肥与化肥配合施用对提升高产稻田生产力有明显作用,增产效果以鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪。不同施肥处理土壤农化性状测试结果表明,配施有机肥处理土壤有机质含量比全化肥区提高,土壤有效磷及有效钾含量的增加作用明显,以鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪。配施猪粪及牛粪增加土壤全氮、碱解氮含量,而配施鸡粪没有表现增加作用。早稻施用有机肥后7 d、28 d、51 d后采样测定土壤中微生物区系及氮代谢有关的细菌量及土壤酶活性,结果表明,配施有机肥料明显提高土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,减少土壤中氨化细菌量,对硝化细菌和反硝化细菌量影响较小;配施有机肥处理土壤中脲酶活性明显大于全化肥处理,有机肥对土壤硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶的活性前期(7 d)表现有所增加,而在后期影响较小。配施有机肥不仅为当季作物提供有效养分,还明显提高土壤肥力和生物活性,改善土壤氮的代谢特性,是提升高产稻田的生产力的主要原因。
The results of two-season double-cropping continuous cropping rice in paddy field for two years showed that the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer had a significant effect on enhancing the productivity of high-yielding paddy field, and the yield enhancement effect was chicken manure> pig manure> cow manure. The test results of soil agronomic characters under different fertilization treatments showed that organic matter content increased with the increase of soil organic phosphorus and soil available phosphorus and available potassium in the organic manure. Combined with pig manure and cow dung to increase soil total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis of nitrogen content, and with chicken manure did not show an increase. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers significantly increased the amount of bacteria, fungi, and soil release in the soil after sampling for 7 days, 28 days and 51 days after the early rice was applied to determine the amount of bacteria and soil enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism. The number of bacteria in the soil, reducing the amount of ammoniated bacteria in the soil, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria less affected; combined with organic fertilizer treatment of soil urease activity was significantly greater than the whole fertilizer treatment, organic manure on soil nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase (7 d) showed an increase in activity, but less in the later period. The application of organic fertilizer not only provided effective nutrients for seasonal crops, but also significantly improved soil fertility and biological activity and improved the metabolic characteristics of soil nitrogen, which was the main reason for enhancing the productivity of high-yielding rice fields.