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为明确喀斯特山区烤烟由常规种植转为有机种植方式后烟田土壤微生物特征的变化,在贵州省金沙县以常规种植方式为对照,选择连续3年进行有机种植的烟田为试验对象,研究了两种种植方式下烟田土壤基本性质、细菌和真菌群落结构特征及其关键影响因素。结果表明,喀斯特山区烤烟种植方式由常规种植转换为有机种植后,土壤有机质、微生物生物量碳显著增加,而全氮、全钾、速效磷、速效钾等养分含量(质量分数)显著降低(p<0.05);两种种植方式下,土壤微生物丰富度和多样性均以细菌高于真菌,土壤细菌和真菌多样性以及在“门”分类上的群落结构差异不大,细菌以变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门占优势(54.2%~62.0%),真菌以子囊菌门占绝对优势(74.4%);常规种植转为有机种植方式后,烟田土壤有益微生物类群数量增加。喀斯特山区烟田土壤微生物群落结构主要受土壤有机质、养分和容重的影响。
In order to clarify the change of soil microbial characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in the Karst mountainous area after converting from conventional planting to organic farming, the conventional tobacco planting in three years was selected as the control in Jinsha County, Guizhou Province. Soil Properties, Bacteria and Fungi Community Structure Characteristics and Key Influence Factors of Tobacco Fields under Two Planting Ways. The results showed that soil organic matter and microbial biomass C significantly increased after conversion from conventional planting to organic farming in foothills in karst mountains, while the contents of total nitrogen, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium decreased significantly (p <0.05). Under the two cultivation methods, the diversity and diversity of soil microbes were higher than those of fungi, and the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi and the community structure on the " (54.2% -62.0%), and fungi accounted for 74.4% of the total ascomycetes. When the conventional planting was changed to organic farming, the number of beneficial soil microbes in tobacco fields increased . Soil microbial community structure in tobacco fields in karst mountainous areas was mainly affected by soil organic matter, nutrients and bulk density.