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呼吸困难为呼吸费力或喘不过气的感觉,是病人的通气反应能力不能满足需求时产生的呼吸不适、胸部紧束、呼吸费劲和空气不足或窒息的痛苦感觉。因此,呼吸困难不同于呼吸急促或通气增加而是一个主观症状。实际上呼吸困难也有其客观变化,可根据病人的呼吸频率、深度和节律变化,以及是否用力呼吸和动用呼吸辅助肌,观察是否存在呼吸困难。不过正常人只有在剧烈运动时,或缺乏锻炼者在中度活动时有可能发生呼吸困难,而病人则在休息时或轻度活动时就会感觉呼吸困难。一、呼吸困难的病因呼吸困难可发生于不同系统疾病,最常见于心、肺疾病患者。(1)循环系疾病:如充血性心衰、心包积液、卵园孔未闭等。(2)呼吸系疾病:可发生于呼
Breathing difficulty is a feeling of strenuous breathing or breathlessness, a feeling of discomfort resulting from a patient’s ventilatory reaction that does not meet his or her needs, tightness in his chest, strenuous breathing and painful feeling of lack of air or suffocation. As a result, dyspnea is a subjective symptom, unlike shortness of breath or increased ventilation. In fact dyspnea also has its objective changes, according to the patient’s respiratory rate, depth and rhythm changes, and whether the forced breathing and use of respiratory muscles, to observe the existence of dyspnea. However, normal people may experience dyspnea only during periods of vigorous exercise or lack of exercise, and patients may feel difficulty breathing during periods of rest or mild activity. First, the cause of breathing difficulties Breathing difficulties can occur in different system diseases, the most common in heart and lung disease patients. (1) Circulatory diseases: such as congestive heart failure, pericardial effusion, oval hole and other Parkinson’s disease. (2) respiratory disease: can occur in call