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利用活体荧光显微术,PEG切片荧光显微术,半薄切片光学显微术和透射电镜观察了粳稻台中65小孢子形成和发育过程中胼胝质的动态变化。结果发现,胼胝质最早于小孢子母细胞形成期出现于花粉囊中。进入小孢子母细胞减数分裂期,胼胝质首先在小孢子母细胞靠近药室中央的初生细胞壁上沉积,并于减数分裂Ⅰ终变期形成完整的胼胝质壁;随后胼胝质在小孢子母细胞中央开始沉积,并向四周扩展形成第1个赤道板,随后形成第2个赤道板;减数分裂后,四分体周围的胼胝质解体释放出小孢子。小孢子早期,绒毡层细胞中积累胼胝质类物质,小孢子核周围也开始沉积胼胝质,逐渐形成完整胼胝质壁;小胞子晚期,绒毡层细胞开始解体,药室内壁细胞开始加厚,其加厚的物质为胼胝质类物质。二胞花粉早期,小孢子进行不均等分裂,形成营养细胞和具有胼胝质壁的生殖细胞,随后营养细胞的细胞质中积累胼胝质,生殖细胞的胼胝质壁开始解体;二胞花粉晚期,药室内壁加厚完成,营养细胞的细胞质中继续积累胼胝质,花粉成熟期,营养细胞的细胞质中积累了大量胼胝质。对胼胝质在小孢子形成和发育过程中的功能进行了讨论。
The dynamic changes of callose in the microsporogenesis and development of the japonica rice Taichung 65 were observed by fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, semi-thin section optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. As a result, it was found that the earliest callose appeared in the pollen sac during microspore blastocyst formation. After entering the meiosis stage of microspore mother cells, callose first deposited on the primary cell wall of microspore mother cells near the center of the drug compartment and formed a complete callose wall at the end stage of meiosis I. Afterwards, The centromere begins to deposit and expand to the periphery to form the first equatorial plate followed by the second equatorial plate; after meiosis, the callose of the tetrad disintegrates to release microspores. In the early stage of microspore, callose was accumulated in the tapetal cells, and callose was also deposited around the microspore nucleus, forming a complete callose wall. At the late stage of the small spores, the tapetal cells began to disintegrate, and the inner wall cells began to thicken , Thickened material is callosum material. In the early stage of diploid pollen, the microspores differentiated unequally to form vegetative cells and germ cells with callose wall, followed by the accumulation of callose in the cytoplasm of vegetative cells. The callose wall of germ cells began to disintegrate. Later, The thickening of the wall was completed, and the cytoplasm of vegetative cells continued to accumulate callose, pollen maturity, and a large amount of callose was accumulated in the cytoplasm of vegetative cells. The function of callose in microspore formation and development was discussed.