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AIM: To study the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to determine the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative patients.METHODS: A total of 213 patients with CHB were studied, and serum HBV DNA levels were measured by the COBAS Amplicor HBV Monitor test. All patients were divided into two groups according to the HBeAg status.The correlation between serum HBV DNA levels and liver damage (liver histology and biochemistry) was explored.RESULTS: Of the 213 patients with serum HBV DNA levels higher than 105 copies/mL, 178 (83.6%) were HBeAg positive, 35 (16.4%) were HBeAg negative. The serum HBV DNA levels were not correlated to the age,history of CHB, histological grade and stage of liver disease in either HBeAg negative or HBeAg positive patients. There was no correlation between serum levels of HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferanse (ALT),aspartate aminotrans-ferase (AST) in HBeAg positive patients. In HBeAg negative patients, there was no correlation between serum levels of HBV DNA and AST,while serum DNA levels correlated with ALT (r = 0.351, P = 0.042). The grade (G) of liver disease correlated with ALT and AST (P ＜ 0.05, r = 0.205, 0.327 respectively)in HBeAg positive patients. In HBeAg negative patients,correlations were shown between ALT, AST and the G (P ＜ 0.01, and r = 0.862, 0.802 respectively). HBeAg negative patients were older (35 ± 9 years vs 30 ±9 years, P ＜ 0.05 ) and had a longer history of HBV infection (8 ± 4 years vs 6 ± 4 years, P ＜ 0.05) and a lower HBV DNA level than HBeAg positive patients (8.4± 1.7 Log HBV DNA vs 9.8 ± 1.3 Log HBV DNA, P ＜0.001). There were no significant differences in sex ratio,ALT and AST levels and liver histology between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Serum HBV DNA level is not correlated to histological grade or stage of liver disease in CHB patients with HBV DNA more than 105 copies/mL.Compared to HBeAg positive patients, HBeAg negative patients are older and have a lower HBV DNA level and a longer HBV infection history. There is no significant difference in sex ratio, ALT and AST levels and liver histology between the two groups.