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各国政治领袖们的新年贺辞是每年一次的重要媒体事件。然而,作为一种特殊的政治话语,这类贺辞却是一个很少被应用语言学学者们研究的领域。本研究采用体裁研究方法(e.g., Halliday, 1978; 1985; Halliday & Hasan, 1989; Martin, 1984; Martin & Rose, 2003; Paltridge,2006)在社会文化语境、篇章结构和语言特点三个层面系统地分析了中美两国元首在 2007、2008 和 2009 三年所作的六篇新年贺辞。本研究表明,由于这些新年贺辞所共有的交际功能、相对固定的篇章结构和突出的词汇语法特点,它们可以被视为一种独立的体裁 (Bruce,2008)。本研究还发现,尽管两位国家元首的新年贺辞在以上三个层面都体现了各自的特点,但作为同一种特殊的政治话语它们都指向大批受众并以提升公共关系和争取政治支持为目的。本文还证明了体裁分析方法是揭示某一特殊话语的真实交际目的和呈现被综合使用的各种修辞与语言资源的强大工具,因而值得在其他话语研究中推广使用。
New Year greetings from political leaders of various countries are annual major media events. However, as a special kind of political discourse, such congratulation is a field rarely studied by applied linguistics scholars. In this study, we use the method of genre research (eg, Halliday 1978; Halliday & Hasan 1989; Martin 1984; Paltridge 2006) in the three aspects of socio-cultural context, discourse structure and linguistic features Analyzed the six New Year’s greetings made by the heads of state of the two countries in 2007, 2008 and 2009. This study shows that these New Year messages can be considered as independent genres because of their communicative function, relatively fixed discourse structure, and prominent vocabulary grammar (Bruce, 2008). This study also found that although the two New Year’s greetings from the two heads of state reflect their own characteristics at each of the above three levels, they all point to a large number of audiences as the same kind of special political discourse and aim at enhancing public relations and gaining political support . This article also proves that genre analysis is a powerful tool to reveal the true communicative purpose of a particular discourse and present various rhetoric and linguistic resources that are used in combination. Therefore, it is worth to promote it in other discourse studies.